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第 13 章 — 消化系统 (第 5/5 页)

肝硬化、胆囊、痔疮术语

治疗胆囊和胆结石的草药

肝硬化 Cirrhosis

Summary: Cirrhosis — widespread fibrosis and disorganization of liver architecture — is the 2nd biggest killer of Americans aged 45-65. Most commonly caused by chronic alcohol abuse; in developing nations, by hepatitis B. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is the essential treatment.

肝硬化是肝细胞广泛死亡,导致 fibrosis และโครงสร้างตับผิดรูป อาการเริ่มต้น: อ่อนเพลีย เบื่ออาหาร น้ำหนักลด ไม่สบาย ความต้องการทางเพศลดลง แม้ตับแข็งจะเป็นโรคที่ดำเนินต่อเนื่อง แต่ herbal treatment 可以显著帮助

草药功效和处方

所需功效

  • Hepatics — 增强肝脏功能和代谢
  • Cholagogues — 促进胆汁分泌
  • Eliminative support — 泻药,利尿剂,发汗剂
  • Alteratives & Tonics — 支持全身
  • Bitters — 滋养整体系统
  • Lymphatics — 帮助排泄组织
  • Nervines — 支持戒酒
  • Antimicrobials — 增强免疫力

特定草药: Silybum marianum 非常必要,并补充 Taraxacum, Peumus boldus, Chionanthus, Chelone glabra, Hydrastis, Cynara scolymus (artichoke)

处方

草药Parts
Silybum marianum (milk thistle)2
Verbena officinalis (vervain)1
Chelone glabra (balmony)1
Chionanthus virginicus (fringetree)1

酊剂起始 2.5 ml × 3/天增加到 5 ml × 3/天

⚠️ 酊剂含有酒精: 如果没有 glycerite 将其浸出物与热水混合 — 酒精会蒸发,或使用片剂/胶囊 Silybum marianum 标准 80% silymarin

广阔的背景和膳食补充剂

应避免 tissue irritants 尤其避免酒精,提供饮食建议并支持戒酒

推荐的膳食补充剂 (Pizzorno & Murray):

  • Vitamin A: 25,000 IU/天
  • Vitamin B complex: 20× US RDA
  • Vitamin C: 1 g × 2/天
  • Vitamin E: 400 IU/天
  • Magnesium: 250 mg × 2/天
  • Selenium: 200 mcg/天
  • Zinc: 30 mg/天
  • Carnitine: 500 mg × 2/天
  • Glutamine: 1 g/天
  • Lactobacillus acidophilus: 1 茶匙/天

胆囊 Gallbladder Disorders

胆囊炎 Cholecystitis

胆囊炎。症状:右上腹剧痛,放射至右肩,恶心,呕吐,可能与 gallstones 但属于不同的病症,健康胆囊有助于有效消化,降低风险 arteriosclerosis, IBS, 高血压,心脏病

草药功效和处方

所需功效

  • Hepatic tonics — 支持肝脏,对代谢有益
  • Anti-inflammatories — 减轻肿胀
  • Antispasmodics — 缓解 colic 在胆囊
  • Eliminative support — 帮助全身
  • Nervines — 缓解疼痛和焦虑

⚠️ 禁止: Bittersstrong cholagogues 因为它增加了收缩

处方

草药Parts
Dioscorea villosa (wild yam)2
Chionanthus virginicus (fringetree)2
Valeriana officinalis (valerian)2
Taraxacum officinale root (dandelion)1
Leptandra virginica (black root)1

酊剂至5 ml × 3/天 + 茶 Matricaria 全天饮用 + Silybum marianum 胶囊 140 mg silymarin × 3/天

表 13.17 涵盖的功效

Action草药
HepaticTaraxacum, Chionanthus, Leptandra
Anti-inflammatoryTaraxacum officinale
AntispasmodicDioscorea, Valeriana
Alterative/TonicTaraxacum, Leptandra

胆结石 Cholelithiasis (Gallstones)

Gallstones 是来自胆汁中物质形成的结晶,主要为 cholesterolbile pigments 大小从沙粒到高尔夫球

高危人群:20-60岁的女性(风险是男性的2倍),60岁+, 孕妇、使用激素、超重, crash diets

草药功效和处方

所需功效

  • Antilithics — 移动或溶解结石,减轻疼痛
  • Hepatic tonics — 支持肝脏
  • Antispasmodics — 缓解痉挛
  • Nervines — 缓解疼痛和焦虑
  • Eliminative support

⚠️ 禁止: Bitters 和 strong cholagogues 因为它增加了收缩

处方

草药Parts
Dioscorea villosa (wild yam)2
Valeriana officinalis (valerian)2
Chelone glabra (balmony)1
Leptandra virginica (black root)1
Chionanthus virginicus (fringetree)1

酊剂至5 ml × 3/天 + 茶 Matricaria 全天饮用

表 13.18 涵盖的功效

Action草药
HepaticChelone, Chionanthus, Leptandra
AntilithicChelone, Chionanthus
AntispasmodicDioscorea, Valeriana

痔疮 Hemorrhoids

Summary: Hemorrhoids (piles) are dilated veins at the anus. The main cause is straining during bowel movements from constipation. Treatment requires both vascular tonics and lower bowel support. External: Aesculus tincture + distilled witch hazel. Ranunculus ficaria (pilewort) — the European specific.
治疗痔疮的草药——内服和外用

痔疮是直肠血管压力增加所致。主要原因:用力排便、便秘、长时间坐在卫生间、直肠感染。 internal (靠近肛管入口)和 external (肛门) 常见,尤其是在怀孕/产后

⚠️ 来自直肠的血液 必须立即诊断,不要假设是痔疮

所需的草药功效
  • Vascular tonics — 增强和改善血管的强度和健康
  • Astringents — 止血、组织修复(注意不要引起便秘)
  • Bitters — 帮助消化和排便,促进排便
  • Aperients/Laxatives — 帮助更容易排便
  • Vulneraries — 加速修复组织
  • Emollients — 缓解受刺激的组织(外用)
  • Anti-inflammatories — 消炎

特定草药: Ranunculus ficaria (pilewort) — 名称适合疾病!收敛剂和抗炎药主要通过外用帮助​:​

内部和外部处方

内服药

草药Parts
Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo)1
Aesculus hippocastanum (horse chestnut)1
Taraxacum officinale (dandelion)1
Hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal)1
Geranium maculatum (cranesbill)1

酊剂 5 ml × 3/天

外用药

成分数量
Aesculus hippocastanum tincture10 ml
Distilled witch hazel80 ml

每次排便后及必要时涂抹,可以使用 salves 有 Calendula, Hypericum, Matricaria, Plantago 或者 Achillea

表 13.19 涵盖的功效

Action草药
Vascular tonicGinkgo, Aesculus
AstringentGeranium maculatum
BitterTaraxacum, Hydrastis
AperientTaraxacum, Hydrastis
治疗的广泛背景

关键是 缓解便秘 检查:

  • 影响肠道的药物:毒品、铁剂、抗抑郁药、抗酸药、泻药
  • 消化疾病: IBS 肠壁囊 食物过敏
  • 生活方式 sedentary 或长时间不活动
  • 压力 抑郁症

含有 medium to high fiber 必要时,建议低纤维饮食患者少量开始,注意治疗期间粗糙的纤维可能引起刺激

重要术语 Glossary

EnglishThai含义
Demulcent包衣物质覆盖并保护粘膜组织
Astringent收敛使组织收缩,减少出血
Carminative驱风减少腹胀和痉挛
Cholagogue排出胆汁刺激胆汁的分泌和释放
Hepatic滋养肝脏支持肝脏的功能和代谢
Antihepatotoxic解肝毒保护肝细胞免受毒素
Antilithic溶解结石帮助移动或溶解结石
Antipruritic减轻瘙痒缓解瘙痒
Vascular tonic滋养血管增强血管的强度
Peristalsis肠道收缩肠道肌肉收缩波
Cholestasis胆汁淤积胆汁流动的停止或不足
Necrosis坏死组织细胞或组织的死亡
Esophagus食道从口到胃的管道
Duodenum小肠上部小肠的第一部分,继胃之后
Diverticulum肠壁囊小囊肿从肠壁突出
Cirrhosis肝硬化肝组织被纤维组织取代
SilymarinSilymarin奶蓟中的活性成分,保护肝脏

参考文献

  1. van Gorkom et al. Anthranoid laxatives and their potential carcinogenic effects. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1999; 13(4):443-52.
  2. Periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for systemic diseases. Journal of Periodontology 1998; 69:841-50.
  3. Pizzorno JE, Murray MT. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
  4. Kingham JGC. Commentary: Peppermint oil and colon spasm. The Lancet 1995; 346:986.
  5. Bensoussan A, et al. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with a Chinese herbal medicine. JAMA 1998; 280(18):1585-9.
  6. Pizzorno JE, Murray MT. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
  7. Ibid.
  8. Batchelder HJ, Hudson T. Therapeutic approaches to viral hepatitis. The Protocol Journal of Botanical Medicine 1995; 1(2):131-74.
  9. Tang J, et al. Virucidal activity of hypericin against enveloped and non-enveloped DNA and RNA viruses. Antiviral Research 1990; 13(6):313-25.
  10. Mills S, Bone K. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.
  11. Ibid.
  12. Ibid.
  13. Pizzorno JE, Murray MT. Textbook of Natural Medicine. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1999.